Glutamine

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Glutamine is an amino acid that allegedly hydrates your muscles, keeping them healthy and strong, which makes it especially useful if you are an endurance athlete or suffer from an illness that depletes fluids and leaves you feeling weak. Replenishing fluids is one of the first steps to healing and recovery.

While it is great for muscles, it's important to note that there's no direct relationship between glutamine intake and muscle growth. In other words, taking more glutamine will not build more muscle on its own -- a common misconception in the supplement world.^[11,12]

Glutamine is bad for keto dieters or those monitoring blood sugar

This is a glucogenic amino acid! And given that there are so few benefits, it's best that you skip this one if you are a keto dieter, diabetic, or otherwise care about blood sugar levels:

It does, however, have its benefits, as described below.

Cortisol and glutamine

Cortisol is a hormone the body releases when in highly stressful or traumatic situations. When your body goes into overdrive, it produces excess cortisol to protect itself. That's where glutamine comes in. Taking a glutamine supplement can balance out these stress hormones and can strengthen your immune system, helping your body heal at a faster rate.

Benefits

Though the benefits may seem insignificant, glutamine can help relieve symptoms associated with certain diseases and illnesses. There area few ways you can benefit from supplementing with glutamine, most of which are backed by studies that report positive, yet minimal effects:

Immune system

An added benefit — not the main benefit — of taking a glutamine supplement is that it boosts your immune system. Injuries deplete the body of plasma glutamine and getting more of it, either through your diet or supplements, can be beneficial to the healing process. It's especially helpful if you've had surgery, burn or tend to overtrain.^[1]

Gastrointestinal health

Glutamine is good for the gut. In supplemental form, it prevents the spread of bacteria in the intestines. Animal studies are more convincing than studies done on humans so far, but they do show that glutamine helps maintain proper functioning of the intestines.^[5] Further research is needed to determine how helpful it can be for human gut health.

Inflammatory bowel disease

Glutamine is helpful if you suffer from Chron's disease or other diseases or conditions of the gut. A randomized study that followed 20 male patients who were in remission from Chron's disease for two months saw improvements in their condition.^[6] Some studies show that a high dose of glutamine can help relieve the painful symptoms associated with Chron's. One animal study found that glutamine has therapeutic effects and can help treat intestinal inflammation and ease the debilitating symptoms. However, in the colon, which does not use glutamine as a main source of energy, glutamine can cause oxidative stress in tissues.^[7]

Heart health

Heart disease

It protects heart tissue in lab animals, alluding to possible heart disease benefits.^[8] Like any other muscle in your body, you can support damage to the heart by taking a glutamine supplement. It works by boosting the antioxidants that protect your body at a cellular level. It is also helpful for those going through angina or cardiac bypass surgery because it is able to protect the damaged muscle.^[9] It isn't effective as a preventative method for heart attacks, though.

Other disorders

Though glutamine may also help with depression, mood disorders, ulcers, ADHD, insomnia, colitis, and other conditions that are not as severe or life-threatening, more research is needed to determine its effectiveness.

Reduces cravings

Glutamine reduces sugar cravings. Taken at the first sign of sugar cravings, glutamine levels blood sugar and diminishes your sweet tooth. This is especially helpful if your goal is to lose weight. Cutting back on sweets and carbs makes it easier to shed those extra pounds.

It's also good if you are an athlete who trains hard and exposed to regular muscle damage

(i.e. muscle tears). You can use it before and after workouts to prep and soothe your muscles so you get more out of every workout.

Glutamine may reduce nerve pain, diarrhea, swelling, as well as muscle and joint pain associated with cancer and AIDS. It can offset some of the damage caused by chemotherapy treatments. It's also thought to help maintain muscle mass during these illnesses when your body would otherwise become weak and use your own muscle tissue as fuel.

Effects on physical fitness

Resistance training

One study followed 31 participants aged 18 to 24. Researchers tracked their progress for six weeks while engaging in total body resistance training and taking glutamine. The study authors didn't find any significant differences in body fat, strength gains, or overall performance. The same is true even when pairing glutamine with creatine.^[10]

Who needs glutamine

Anyone with a serious illness can benefit from taking a glutamine supplement. If you're prone to infections, have a life-threatening disease, or an inflamed gut, you could benefit from taking a daily dose of glutamine.

Aside from cancer patients, burn victims, surgical patients, and athletes who put excess strain on their bodies, glutamine is also helpful for vegetarians and vegans. If you don't eat meat, taking glutamine supplements are especially useful for those on a restricted diet since the amino acid protects muscles and promotes growth, much like protein. The supplement is only beneficial if you lack protein in your diet.

Recommended dose

It is advised that you add glutamine supplements gradually. Start with just 5g per day and work your way up, if necessary. The observed tolerable upper level limit for glutamine is 14g per day.

Everyone responds to foods and supplements differently and until you find out how it works for you, don't overdo it hoping to yield faster results.

Food sources

One way to increase your glutamine intake is through your diet. Many ordinary foods contain glutamine.

Chicken
Beef
Fish
Eggs
Dairy
Spinach
Cabbage
Beets
Beans
Corn
Wheat
Rice
Tofu

Side effects

There are no reported side effects from taking a glutamine supplement. Glutamine works best when taken on an empty stomach, especially right before morning workouts. Taking it in higher amounts can actually raise ammonia levels, which is undesired.^[13]

Toxicity

Studies also show that taking 50g to 60g of glutamine for several weeks at a time has no negative side effects. Even so, unless you are a powerlifter training for a big event, there's no reason for you to take that much. You can safely take up to 30g per day without experiencing side effects. Long term usage may carry unknown side effects, however, because there isn't enough research to know the impact it will have on your body down the road.^[4]

Stacking

Though many consider glutamine a fairly overrated supplement, it is extremely affordable and risk-free. It pairs well with BCAA's, which is perfect for before and after working out. Many supplements on the market contain both BCAA's and glutamine so you'll only need to take one supplement.

Considerations

Injury

Your body actually makes enough glutamine on its own. If you aren't in an extremely stress situation, there's no need to add the supplementing to your daily regimen. There really isn't a need for an otherwise healthy person to take glutamine. Even though there's no evidence it's harmful, glutamine isn't necessarily useful as a preventative supplement either. It seems to work best once your body has been through something traumatic — stress, surgery, or an injury — and needs repair.

There are several conditions make glutamine supplements unsafe. Don't take while pregnant or nursing since the side effects are largely unknown and the risk to your baby is unnecessary. It's also unsafe to take if you suffer from seizures or mania as it can worsen these conditions.

Please note that the FDA does not regulate or oversee glutamine -- or any dietary vitamins or supplements, for that matter. Before starting any new supplement, be sure to talk to your doctor about the possible benefits or side effects.

Where to buy

Go with a trusted company whenever you buy vitamins and supplements. Price Plow is a great resource for learning about supplements and finding great deals. We feature a list of suppliers and trusted companies so you can easily locate reliable brands at a reasonable cost.

When it comes to glutamine, we suggest Scivation Xtend, which is our featured BCAA supplement with glutamine.

References

Calder PC, et. al; Amino Acides; " Glutamine and the immune system;" 1999
Shao A, et. al.; Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology; " Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine;" 2008
Ward, E., et. al.; European Journal of Clinical Nutrition; " Oral glutamine in paediatric oncology patients: a dose finding study;" 2003
Roth E., et. al; The Journal of Nutrition; " Nonnutritive effects of glutamine; "Nonnutritive effects of glutamine;" 2008
Buchman AL, et. al.; Current Gastroenterology Reports; "Glutamine for the gut: mystical properties or an ordinary amino acid?" 1999
Benjamin, J, et. al; Digestive Diseases and Sciences; "Glutamine and whey protein improve intestinal permeability and morphology in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial;" 2010
Sido, B, et. al; Digestive Diseases and Sciences; "Low intestinal glutamine level and low glutaminase activity in Crohn's disease: a rational for glutamine supplementation?" 2006
Khogali, SE,; et. al.; Nutrition; " Is glutamine beneficial in ischemic heart disease?" 2002
Sufit, A, et. al; Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; " Pharmacologically dosed oral glutamine reduces myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized pilot feasibility trial;" 2012
Candow, DG. et al; European Journal of Applied Physiology; "Effect of glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults;" 2001
Candow DG, et. al. European Journal of Applied Physiology; " Effect of glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults;" 2001
Antonio J, et. al; Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research; "T he effects of high-dose glutamine ingestion on weightlifting performance;" 2002
Ward E, et. al; European Journal of Clinical Nutrition; " Oral glutamine in paediatric oncology patients: a dose finding study;" 2003
Shao A. et. al.; Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology; " Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine;" 2008

By Mike

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