Potassium is a mineral that's primarily found in the body's cells and organs -- about 98% -- while the rest is in the blood. It has a hand in cell, tissue, and organ function.
Potassium is vital to proper heart, nerve, muscle, and digestive functions. It's also an electrolyte -- a substance in blood and bodily fluid that conducts electricity. Potassium is primarily used for potassium deficiency, bone health, high blood pressure, stroke, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Types of potassium
- Potassium citrate: Taken by mouth. Potassium citrate is used to treat and prevent kidney stones. It does this by reducing acid levels in urine.
- Potassium iodide: Taken by mouth. Potassium iodide is used to relieve chest and lung congestion, and protect the thyroid gland during radiation treatment.
- Potassium chloride: Taken by mouth. Potassium chloride is used to treat low levels of potassium.
- Potassium bicarbonate: Taken by mouth. Potassium bicarbonate is used to treat potassium deficiency.[10]
- Potassium gluconate: Taken by mouth. Potassium gluconate is used to treat and prevent potassium deficiency when diet doesn't provide enough.[17]
- Potassium acetate: Given by injection for deficiency when oral supplementation/treatment isn't possible. Potassium acetate is an alternative to potassium chloride.[19]
- Potassium Nitrate: This unique form of potassium is used as a nitric oxide supplement, which helps increase bloodflow prior to working out, increasing strength, endurance, and muscle pumps.
- Potassium Nitrate/Silver Nitrate is also used topically for the treatment of ulcers and wounds on skin and mucous membranes, such as the mouth, vagina, and rectum.
Benefits, uses, and effectiveness
Potassium is crucial for helping the body operate normally and especially for the transmission of signals between the muscles and nerves. Consuming a diet high in potassium or supplementing your diet with the mineral has a variety of proven benefits.
Bone health: A potassium-rich diet, especially in older women, may help prevent osteoporosis.
Potassium supplementation may help treat or prevent hypokalemia, also known as potassium deficiency.
Consuming a potassium-rich diet may lower your risk of having a stroke. The same benefit does not seem to occur with potassium supplementation.
Some experts say that potassium supplements may help reduce blood pressure in children and adults. It may just help lower blood pressure in deficient individuals. The key to effective blood pressure reduction may be increasing potassium while decreasing sodium.[14]
Potassium supplementation may help reduce irritable bowel syndrome since individuals with IBS have trouble absorbing nutrients. Your doctor may order blood work to check your potassium levels.
- A diet low in potassium and high in sodium has been implicated in mental health problems, even severe diseases like schizophrenia.[19]
Potassium and schizophrenia
Other functions and benefits
- Electrolyte and pH balance control (in conjunction with sodium)
- Lowering cardiovascular mortality (increased potassium intake in conjunction with lower sodium intake)
- Helps preserve bone calcium levels by regulating pH balance
- Sodium regulation
- Assists in making proteins
- Aids metabolism
- Aids carbohydrate storage
- Assists growth and muscle-building
- Lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults
- Lowering the risk of coronary heart disease in adults
Potassium deficiency and toxicity
Having too little potassium in the blood is called hypokalemia. It's typically caused by excessive potassium losses via urine or intestines rather than lack of dietary potassium.
A slight dip in potassium levels may not be noticeable, but these symptoms are indicative of a deficiency:
Weakness/fatigue
- Stomach problems
- Muscle cramps/damage
- Irregular heartbeat
- Abnormal EKG (electrocardiogram for testing heart function)
- Confusion
- Irritability
- Paralysis
Hypokalemia effects
Too little potassium may lead to:
Infertility
- Arthritis
- Digestive disorders
Blood potassium, comprehensive metabolic panel, and EKG are tests that may be ordered by your healthcare provider to diagnose a potassium deficiency.
Deficiency risks and causes
You may be at risk of developing potassium deficiency if you:
Excessive use of laxatives
Take water pills (diuretics) for high blood pressure or heart problems
Have certain kidney or adrenal gland disorders
Severe or long-lasting vomiting and diarrhea
Insufficient intake of potassium-rich foods
A physically demanding job
Athletes are at higher risk for potassium loss
Eating disorder
Smoking
Drink alcohol to excess or use drugs
Have malabsorption problems
Eat a lot of black licorice
Magnesium deficiency
Food sources
Adding more potassium-rich foods to your diet can help treat and prevent deficiency. Dietary sources of potassium include:
Bananas
Orange juice
Cantaloupes
Fish (including salmon, flounder, and cod)
Red meat
Soy
Sweet and regular potatoes (with skin)
Spinach
Milk (non-fat)
Nuts (unsalted)
Whole grains
Coconut water
Potassium from Bananas!
Potassium deficiency treatment
Treatment of potassium deficiency may also include:
Oral potassium supplements for a mild deficiency
Intravenous supplementation for severe deficiency
Switching to a diuretic that preserves potassium levels
Lowering thyroid hormone levels in the blood while increasing potassium levels. This treatment helps prevent paralysis caused by a particular type of potassium deficiency.
Toxicity
Too much potassium in the blood is called hyperkalemia. It's usually caused by kidney disease. The kidneys maintain blood potassium levels, but if your kidney function is compromised, potassium could build up.
Potential causes of hyperkalemia include excessive acid in the blood (seen sometimes in diabetics), trauma, burns, Addison's disease, taking beta blockers, and taking very high doses of potassium supplements. Expert opinion is mixed on whether eating a high potassium diet could lead to hyperkalemia. Older adults may be at risk for the condition since kidney function decreases with age.
Toxicity symptoms
Weakness
Fatigue
Tingling
Numbness
Breathing difficulty
Nausea and/or vomiting
Irregular heartbeat
Paralysis
There are typically no noticeable symptoms of hyperkalemia.
Treatment options
Medication
Helps maintain heart function (calcium chloride or gluconate), re-route potassium from the blood to the cells (insulin, sodium bicarbonate, beta agonists), and boost excretion of extra potassium (diuretics). Binding resins also facilitates potassium and sodium exchange in the GI tract. For people with kidney failure, hemodialysis is used to remove potassium.
Nutrition
Taking steps to live a healthy lifestyle while also reducing the amount of potassium inyour diet can also help.
Avoid refined foods such as white bread and rice
Eliminate foods you may be allergic to such as dairy, soy and preservatives
Eat less red and processed meat and more lean meat, fish and beans for protein
Use olive and coconut oils, which are healthier
Cut down on trans fats, which are in baked foods like cake and cookies, as well as fried foods
Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water
Exercise regularly -- at least 30 minutes, five days per week
Avoid alcohol and cigarettes
Avoid potassium-rich foods
Herbs
Herbs may help as well. They are available in many forms including tinctures and extracts. Avoid these herbs as they may increase potassium:
Alfalfa
Dandelion
Nettle
Horsetail
Alternative treatments
Acupuncture, Swedish massage and homeopathy are some alternative medicine options may enhance kidney function.
Sports nutrition and electrolytes
Optimal nutrition enhances athletic performance and recovery.
Electrolytes are ions that are positively and negatively charged. They are involved in: [11, 12]
Balance of bodily fluids
Muscle contraction
Neural (nerve) activity
Besides potassium, other common electrolytes are calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, and sodium.
Athletes who engage in intense physical activity for more than one hour at a time are prone to excessive fluid loss from sweat. Sodium and chloride are lost in larger amounts than magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Still,
Athletes may need to consume extra potassium.
Energy drinks
Since dehydration can increase the amount of sodium and potassium in sweat, it's important to stay hydrated.[11]
Carbohydrate- and electrolyte-rich sports drinks can replace valuable nutrients, including potassium, during extended bouts of strenuous activity. It's especially important to stay hydrated before, during, and after exercise.
When choosing a sports drink, take these considerations into mind:[6]
It should have less than 8% total solids, such as sugars and electrolytes. Concentrated varieties may hinder fluid absorption.
Select a drink that doesn't contain fructose as the only carbohydrate source since it could cause stomachaches.
Also, fructose is slow to convert to glucose for energy use. So a drink with only fructose will not provide a quick energy boost.
Post workout
After long, intense exercise, choose sodium-rich foods and beverages to aid recovery. Sports drinks or bars help, too. If you prefer drinking water, pair it with foods rich in sodium and minerals.[11]
Add potassium-rich foods to your diet in order to boost supply. Supplementation is not needed, however, because the body can adjust readily to potassium losses. [6, 15] In a study of potassium supplements, researchers found that supplementation did not seem to be effective in preventing low potassium levels in athletes who were less active long-term.[13]
Other experts maintain that supplementation may be warranted for athletes who:[15]
Restrict energy intake and/or use severe weight loss methods
Avoid consuming foods from certain food groups
Eat an unbalanced diet
Safety concerns and side effects
Talk to your doctor before taking potassium supplements or herbal therapies. Do not self-treat.
Due to their effect on potassium levels, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and ACE inhibitors may not be appropriate for older adults.
A big drop in potassium levels can be dangerous. Consult your doctor, call 911, or go to the ER immediately if symptoms arise.[7, 8]
Side effects of potassium supplementation may include stomach irritation, diarrhea, and nausea. Larger doses may result in muscle weakness and slow heart rate or abnormal heart rhythm. If you experience irregular heartbeat, chest pain, or severe stomach pain, call your doctor.
Avoid tinctures if you have a history of alcoholism.[8]
Do not take potassium supplements if you have kidney disease or hyperkalemia.
If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, consult your doctor before starting herbal therapy.[8]
Limit dietary potassium intake if you are on dialysis.
- Avoid starting a workout dehydrated or thirsty. One way to know if you're dehydrated is by checking the color of your urine. Pale yellow urine signifies that you're well hydrated. [11]
Interactions
Due to possible hyperkalemia risk, do not take the following medications with potassium without first talking to your doctor.
Indomethacin
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Potassium sparing diuretics
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Medications that may increase potassium levels
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Heparin
Bactrim/septra antibiotic
Beta blockers
Medications that may decrease potassium levels
Loop diuretics
Thiazide diuretics
Antacids
Insulin
Fluconazole
Theophylline
Laxatives
Amphotericin B
Corticosteroids
Digoxin may have toxic effects if you have low potassium levels while taking it.
Recommended dosage
Age Range/Condition | Daily Dosage Recommendation |
0 to 6 months old | 400 mg |
Babies 7 to 12 months old | 700 mg |
Children 1 to 3 years old | (3 grams) 3000 mg |
Children 4 to 8 years old | (3.8 grams) 3800 mg |
Children 9 to 13 years old | (4.5 grams) 4500 mg |
Teens 14 to 18 years old | (4.7 grams) 4700 mg |
Adults 19 years old and up | (4.7 grams) 4700 mg |
Women (pregnant) | (4.7 grams) 4700 mg |
Women (breastfeeding) | (5.1 grams) 5100 mg |
Hypokalemia (Potassium deficiency) | Based on specific needs |
Source: USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Where to buy
Right here at PricePlow. Our price comparisons of various brands make it easy to find the best deal. You can save from 30% to 50% buying from us versus your local retail store.
What is the best potassium
Scivation Xtend - Our Favorite BCAA Drink
There are a variety of products on the market that contain electrolytes, including potassium. Some require mixing with water or other liquids, while others are ready-to-serve.
Electrolytes come in many forms from chewy candies to fruits and vegetables. They are also sold in powdered form in individual packets as well as bulk containers. Potassium comes in supplemental, multivitamin-mineral formulas, and on its own.
NOW Foods offers a basic potassium supplement, manufactured in a cGMP-compliant facility.
Another good brand is Scivation's XTEND. It's a great source of electrolytes, including potassium. Plus it's sugar- and carbohydrate-free. It can help maximize your training intensity, and aid protein synthesis and recovery. It comes in a variety of easy-to-mix flavors.
Finally, you may also like to try the products in the coconut water subcategory.
Considerations
- Certain types of cooking methods, such as boiling, can destroy potassium.[4]
- Muscle cramps during exercise are more likely caused by sodium loss than potassium loss.[11]
- If you are on dialysis, maintain a strict schedule to avoid potassium toxicity and other problems.[8]
- Food processing can lower potassium levels in food, so eating too many processed foods and too few fruits and vegetables could affect your potassium levels.[14]
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center; "Potassium;" Updated 2013
- MedlinePlus; "Potassium in Diet;" Updated 2012
- Health Supplements Nutritional Guide; "Mineral Deficiency Symptoms, Benefits and Food Sources;"
- WebMD.com "Potassium;" 2013
- L. Bellows, R. Moore; Colorado State University Extension; "Potassium and the Diet;" 2013
- University of Illinois Extension; "Questions Asked by Young Athletes"
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Penn State Hershey; "Low Potassium Level;" Reviewed 2013
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Penn State Hershey; "Hyperkalemia;" Reviewed 2012
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center; Penn State Hershey; Types of Potassium"
- Drugs.com; "Potassium Bicarbonate"
- Shawn H. Dolan; ACE Certified News; "Electrolytes: Understanding Replacement Options;"
- MedlinePlus; "Electrolytes;" Updated 2011
- Zorbas YG, et. al.; Biological Trace Element Research; "Potassium Supplements' Effect on Potassium Balance in Athletes During Prolonged Hypokinetic and Ambulatory Conditions;" 2000
- World Health Organization; "Guideline: Potassium Intake for Adults and Children;" 2012
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise; Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine; "Nutrition and Athletic Performance;" 2009
- Kuberski T., et. al.; The New Zealand Medical Journal; "Coconut Water as a Rehydration Fluid;" 1979
- Drugs.com; "Potassium Gluconate;" 2013
- Drugs.com "Potassium Acetate;" 2012
- American Cancer Society; "Potassium;" Reviewed 2010
Potassium News on PricePlow
-
Apr 04, 2020 ![]()
Product News
Source Naturals Potassium Iodide was created.
Category: Potassium Iodide -
Mar 27, 2020 ![]()
Blog Post
Ryse Supps Project BLACKOUT Pre Workout: Achieve Peak Performance
Ryse Supps enters the "dark side" with the release of Project Blackout! Their new Blackout Pre-Workout is high-stim and fully loaded for performance! -
Mar 26, 2020 ![]()
Blog Post
Kaged Muscle Hydra-Charge Now Hydrates in Pink Lemonade
Kaged Muscle's Hydra-Charge now comes in PINK LEMONADE flavor. Read the INSANE origins of this flavor, and what makes Hydra-Charge so incredible! -
Mar 23, 2020 ![]()
Blog Post
Home Made: Axe and Sledge Makes MRPs Great Again
There are very few well formulated meal replacement powders on the market, so Axe and Sledge decided it was time to fill the gap with Home Made! -
Feb 20, 2020 ![]()
Product News
Natural Factors Magnesium Citrate has new variations: Category: Potassium -
Feb 05, 2020 ![]()
Blog Post
Nutrex Vitadapt: Multivitamin for Comprehensive, Year-Long Health!
Nutrex Vitadapt is our favorite multivitamin, and is one of the most comprehensive ones on the market! See all it has to offer, including adaptogens! -
Jan 21, 2020 ![]()
Blog Post
Glaxon SPECIMEN: A Pre-Workout Formulated For All The Stim Junkies Out There
Glaxon's Specimen is a pre workout all about the stims! It provides you with enough energy and focus to tackle the most difficult training sessions! -
Jan 16, 2020 ![]()
Blog Post
Modern BCAA is BACK: The Formula, The Flavors, The LEGACY
Modern BCAA+ has made its return, and it's no fluke! Some of the team from USPLabs got the band back together and are re-launching this cult hit! -
Jan 06, 2020 ![]()
Product News
Thorne Research Potassium Citrate has new variations: Category: Potassium -
Dec 31, 2019 ![]()
Blog Post
Kaged Muscle Hydra-Charge: Hydration or Flavor System? How about BOTH!
Kaged Muscle's Hydra-Charge is a well-known electrolyte system with added endurance and antioxidant effects, but did you know it started as a FLAVOR?! -
Dec 06, 2019 ![]()
Blog Post
Nutrex Research VoluGro: Post-Workout Nutrition Gets Back to the Basics
Nutrex Volu-Gro has made a return! The post-workout supplement is keeping things simple: dextrose, creatine monohydrate, and electrolytes! -
Sep 24, 2019 ![]()
Blog Post
MFIT Victus: A Hunger-Defeating, Comprehensive MRP!
MFIT SUPPS Victus is a quality meal replacement powder with excellent macronutrients! Victus is here to help keep your nutrition solid on the go! -
Sep 10, 2019 ![]()
Product News
Myprotein Di Potassium Phosphate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Aug 01, 2019 ![]()
Blog Post
Nutrex ALPHA PUMP: A Lower-Cost, Stackable Stim-Free Pump Chaser!
Nutrex Research has announced ALPHA PUMP, a stimiulant-free pre workout supplement with some unique and new ingredients, meant to be low-cost stacked! -
Jun 25, 2019 ![]()
Product News
Country Life Potassium was created.
Category: Potassium -
Jun 10, 2019 ![]()
Blog Post
SteelFit Steel Multi-V: The Dieter’s Multivitamin Drink
SteelFit Steel Multi-V is a multivitamin multimineral powder drink mix that brings HUGE doses of diet-supporting nutrients. Fight insulin resistance! -
May 31, 2019 ![]()
Product News
Solaray Potassium was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 11, 2019 ![]()
Product News
GNC Super Magnesium was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 11, 2019 ![]()
Product News
GNC Potassium Gluconate 99 was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 05, 2019 ![]()
Product News
Natural Factors Magnesium Citrate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 04, 2019 ![]()
Product News
Nature's Way Potassium was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 04, 2019 ![]()
Product News
NOW Potassium Citrate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 03, 2019 ![]()
Product News
Jarrow Formulas Potassium Citrate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 03, 2019 ![]()
Product News
NOW Potassium Gluconate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Apr 03, 2019 ![]()
Product News
NOW Potassium Iodide was created.
Category: Potassium Iodide -
Apr 03, 2019 ![]()
Product News
NOW Potassium Plus Iodine was created.
Category: Potassium -
Mar 11, 2019 ![]()
Blog Post
Primeval Labs Intracell 7 Black Re-Ups Workout Performance
Primeval Labs Intracell 7 Black is the latest upgrade to the carb-based, performance-enhancing intra workout supplement with full EAAs and pumps too! -
Feb 28, 2019 ![]()
YouTube Video
Kaged Muscle Hydra-Charge: Orange Mango vs. Apple Limeade -
Oct 12, 2018 ![]()
Product News
BulkSupplements Potassium Aspartate Powder was created.
Category: Potassium -
Sep 17, 2018 ![]()
Product News
Thorne Research Potassium Citrate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Sep 12, 2018 ![]()
Product News
GNC Potassium & Magnesium Aspartate was created.
Category: Potassium -
Aug 08, 2018 ![]()
Product News
Solaray BioCitrate Potassium was created.
Category: Potassium -
Jul 16, 2018 ![]()
YouTube Video
Keto Connect Podcast: Supplements for Keto Dieters w/ Mike at PricePlow -
Jun 07, 2018 ![]()
Product News
Vitacost Potassium & Magnesium was created.
Category: Potassium -
May 30, 2018 ![]()
YouTube Video
Natural Vegan ELECTROLYTES Sports Drink by Ground Based Nutrition -
May 08, 2018 ![]()
Blog Post
Dedicated Nutrition BCAA Sensation: The Right Way to BCAA
Dedicated Nutrition BCAA Sensation is exactly what we like to see out of a BCAA! A 7.5g 4:1:1 ratio, added rhodiola, taurine, grape seed, and more! -
Apr 04, 2018 ![]()
Blog Post
Beast Super Sauna Thermogenic Powder – Get Your Towel Ready!
Beast Super Sauna is a stimulant-free thermogenic fat burning powder to boost thermogenesis and make you sweat your butt off (with GBB!) Get a towel! -
Mar 29, 2018 ![]()
Blog Post
Cellucor Alpha Amino Ultimate adds HMB to Your Sports Drink
Cellucor Alpha Amino Ultimate is a unique intra workout / BCAA supplement that has Vitamin D and HMB added. Is Vitamin D status what HMB really needs? -
Oct 15, 2017 ![]()
Blog Post
Keto Connect Podcast with Mike from PricePlow: Supplements for Keto | #4
Need guidance about supplements for keto dieters? Check out Mike's 2017 Keto Connect podcast interview on "Keto for Normies" with Matt & Megha! -
Dec 20, 2016 ![]()
Blog Post
Stimul8 Pumped is Everything WRONG with Proprietary Blends
Stimul8 Pumped is a new stimulant free pre workout from Finaflex that does not look to be living up to its name. We can only hope it'll be cheap. -
Aug 29, 2016 ![]()
Blog Post
AML Pre Workout: A True Muscular Development Style Pre
Advanced Molecular Labs Pre Workout is a true beast of a pre workout that uses clinical doses of staple ergogenics powered by 400mg of pure caffeine. -
Jun 28, 2016 ![]()
Blog Post
Want to Die Sooner? Then Don’t Eat Your Vegetables
A big fruit and vegetable diet meta-analysis confirms what we've always known: eating fruits and veggies causes you to live longer. Choice is yours! -
May 16, 2016 ![]()
Blog Post
Magnum Drip Dry – Get Chiseled Before the Big Event!
Drip Dry from Magnum Nutraceuticals is the strongest diuretic we've seen. Ready for that contest or photo shoot? Read the in-depth instructions here! -
Apr 06, 2016 ![]()
Blog Post
Olympus Labs ENDUR3 (Discontinued, Get it Before it’s Too Late)
Endur3 and Endur3+ are Olympus Labs latest BCAA / Amino Acid Supplements that are loaded, and bring some surprises. Endur3+ has carbs from Carb10 too! -
Dec 03, 2015 ![]()
Blog Post
Scivation Xtend Free – All Natural BCAAs
Scivation has released an all new version of Xtend, named Xtend Free, that contains no artificial sweeteners or dyes but still packs 7g of BCAAs. -
Nov 16, 2015 ![]()
Blog Post
NutraBio Super Carb: Supreme Cluster Dextrin Performance Workout Fuel
Super Carb from NutraBio is the ultimate pre workout carbohydrate that supplies 25g of highly branched cyclic dextrin to fuel your performance.
Sign up for future Potassium news!
Click the button below to sign up for future Potassium news, deals, coupons, and reviews!
Potassium Reviews & Videos
-
Feb 28, 2019Kaged Muscle Hydra-Charge: Orange Mango vs. Apple Limeade
-
Jul 16, 2018Keto Connect Podcast: Supplements for Keto Dieters w/ Mike at PricePlow
-
May 30, 2018Natural Vegan ELECTROLYTES Sports Drink by Ground Based Nutrition
Subscribe for more Potassium news and alerts!
Subscribe to PricePlow on YouTube, follow PricePlow on Instagram or click the button below to sign up for our latest Potassium news and reviews!
