Vitamin A plays a role in a variety of functions throughout the body, such as: Vision, Gene Transcription, Immune Function, Embryonic Development and Reproduction, Bone Metabolism, Haematopoiesis, Skin Health, Reducing Risk of Heart Disease and Cancer, and Antioxidant Activity
For more information and dietary requirements, see Wikipedia
From Wikipedia.org: The B vitamins are eight water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism. Historically, the B vitamins were once thought to be a single vitamin. Later research showed that they are chemically distinct vitamins. Supplements containing all eight are generally referred to as a vitamin B complex.
Thiamine is one of only four nutrients associated with a pandemic human deficiency disease. It is essential for neural function and carbohydrate metabolism. Thiamin deficiency results in beriberi, a disease characterized by a bewildering variety of symptoms.
From Wikipedia.org: Vitamin B-12 is one of eight B vitamins which is important for the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production.
From Wikipedia.org: Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals. Vitamin B2 is required for a wide variety of cellular processes. Like the other B vitamins, it plays a key role in energy metabolism, and is required for the metabolism of fats, ketone bodies, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease pellagra. Niacin is used to lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. It is also used to lower the risk of heart attack in people with high cholesterol who have already had a heart attack. It is also sometimes used to treat coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis).
From UMM.edu: Vitamin B5, also called pantothenic acid, is one of eight water-soluble B vitamins. In addition to playing a role in the breakdown of fats and carbohydrates for energy, Vitamin B5 is critical to the manufacture of red blood cells as well as sex and stress-related hormones produced in the adrenal glands. Vitamin B5 is also important in maintaining a healthy digestive tract and it helps the body use other vitamins (particularly B2 [riboflavin]) more effectively. It is sometimes referred to as the "anti-stress" vitamin because it is believed to enhance the activity of the immune system and improve the body's ability to withstand stressful conditions.
From Wikipedia: The primary role of vitamin B6 is to act as a coenzyme to many other enzymes in the body that are involved predominantly in metabolism. This role is performed by the active form, pyridoxal phosphate. This active form is converted from the two other natural forms founds in food: pyridoxal, pyridoxine and pyridoxamine.
Vitamin B6 is involved in the following metabolic processes: Amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism; neurotransmitter synthesis; histamine synthesis; hemoglobin synthesis and function; gene expression
From NIH.gov: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for normal growth and development. It is required for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body. It is necessary to form collagen, an important protein used to make skin, scar tissue, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. Vitamin C is essential for the healing of wounds, and for the repair and maintenance of cartilage, bones, and teeth.
Vitamin C is one of many antioxidants. Vitamin E and beta-carotene are two other well-known antioxidants. Antioxidants are nutrients that block some of the damage caused by free radicals, which are by-products that result when our bodies transform food into energy.
The body does not manufacture vitamin C on its own, nor does it store it. It is therefore important to include plenty of vitamin C-containing foods in your daily diet.
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble prohormones, the two major forms of which are vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Vitamin D's major biologic function is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and maintain strong bones. It promotes bone mineralization in concert with a number of other vitamins, minerals, and hormones. Without vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle, soft, or misshapen. Vitamin D prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults -- skeletal diseases that result in defects that weaken bones.
From NIH.gov: Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects body tissue from damage caused by unstable substances called free radicals. Free radicals can harm cells, tissues, and organs. They are believed to play a role in certain conditions associated with aging.
Vitamin E is also important in the formation of red blood cells and helps the body to use vitamin K. The ability of vitamin E to prevent cancer, heart disease, dementia, liver disease, and stroke are still not known. At lower levels, vitamin E may help protect the heart.
Vitamin K is a fat-soluable vitamin that is required for blood clotting. Some studies indicate that it helps in maintaining strong bones in the elderly.
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